英语四级真题和解析
注意：此局部试题在答题卡1上。
Directions:For this part,yoare allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums.Yoshould write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？
2.也会带来一些问题
3.你的看法
Free Admission to Museums
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)〔15 minutes〕
Directions:In this part,yowill have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕.For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How Do YoSee Diversity?
As a manager,Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company.During one interview,she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact.She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.
He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions,but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said“untrustworthy,〞so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.
“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,〞Tiffany confesses.What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different〞behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding.He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开)your eyes.
“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact;not realizing it was cultural,〞Tiffany says.“I missed out,but will not miss that opportunity again.〞
Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different.As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.
Hire Advantage
At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏见)from the process have a distinct advantage.My company,Mindsets LLC,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots.A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.
“During my Mindsets coaching session,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce.I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets.The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company.When the real estate market began to change,it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to say in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.〞
Blinded by Gender
Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce.“Through one of the sessions,I discovered my personal bias,〞he recalls.“I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person,and being open to differences.〞In his case,the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.
“I had a management position open in my department;and the two finalists were a man and a woman.Had I not attended this workshop,I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position,I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.〞Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.
“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation,I needed to present the full range of duties,responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.〞Dale credits the workshop,“because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.〞
Year of the Know-It-All
Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops.He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.
“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year.In my ignorance,I assumed he had his dates wrong’,as the first of January had just passed.When I advised him of this,I gave him a tong talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates.
“He patiently waited,then when I was done,he said he would like Chinese New Year off,not the Western New Year.He explained politely that in his culture the new year did not begin January first,and that Chinese New Year,which is tied to the lunar cycle,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar.Needless to say,I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up.But I learned a great deal about assumptions,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture.
“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with toy employees,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all,〞Doug admits.“The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more‘inclusive’to differences.〞
A Better Bottom Line
An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally,it is profitable as well.These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales.“Most of my customers speak English as a second language.One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone.It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service.As a result,our customer base has increased.〞
Once we start to see people as individuals,and discard the stereotypes,we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone.Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities.It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.,we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的)or contrary to our fundamental values.We need to train ourselves to think differently,shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate？
A〕He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.
B〕He was slow in answering her questions.
C〕His resume didn’t provide the necessary information.
D〕His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.
2.Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from.
A〕racial stereotypes
B〕invalid personal bias
C〕cultural ignorance
D〕emphasis on physical appearance
3.What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author?
A〕Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.
B〕Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.
C〕Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.
D〕Expanding domestic and international markets.
4.What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?
A〕A real estate agency.
B〕A personnel training company.
C〕A cultural exchange organization.
D〕A hi-tech company.
5.After one of the workshops,account executive Dale realized that.
A〕he had hired the wrong person
B〕he could have done more for his company
C〕he had not managed his workforce well
D〕he must get rid of his gender bias
6.What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?
A〕It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.
B〕It tapped into the executives’full potential.
C〕It helped him make fair decisions.
D〕It met participants’diverse needs.
7.How did Doug,a supervisor,respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request for leave?
A〕He told him to get the dates right.
B〕He demanded an explanation.
C〕He flatly turned it down.
D〕He readily approved it.
8.Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.
9.After attending Mindsets’workshops,the participants came to know the importance of to their business.
10.When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes,we can achieve diversity and benefit from the between us.
Part III Listening Comprehension〔35 minutes〕
Section A
Directions:In this section,yowill hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,yomust read the four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕，and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A〕She expected more people at her party.
B〕She enjoys entertaining small children.
C〕She threw a surprise party for her friend.
D〕She has always enjoyed great popularity.
12.A〕They are not used to living in a cold place.
B〕They feel lucky to live in Florida.
C〕They are going to have a holiday.
D〕They have not booked their air tickets yet.
13.A〕He was pleased to get the medal.
B〕He was very courageous.
C〕He used to be a firefighter.
D〕He was accused of causing a fire.
14.A〕Make a profitable investment.
B〕Buy a new washing machine.
C〕Get parts for the machine from Japan.
D〕Have the old washing machine fixed.
15.A〕He is pleased with his exciting new job.
B〕He finds the huge workload unbearable.
C〕He finds his office much too big for him.
D〕He is not to excited about his new position.
16.A〕The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.
B〕The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.
C〕The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.
D〕The man offers to drive the woman to the party.
17.A〕Drawing up a business plan.
B〕Discussing a term paper.
C〕Finalizing a contract.
D〕Reviewing a co-authored article.
18.A〕She ordered some paper.
B〕She had the printer repaired.
C〕She chatted online with a friend.
D〕She filled in an application form.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation yohave just heard.
19.A〕His health is getting worse.
B〕He can no longer work at sea.
C〕His past life upsets him a good deal.
D〕He has not got the expected pension.
20.A〕She passed away years ago.
B〕She used to work as a model.
C〕She has been working at a clinic.
D〕She has been seriously ill for years.
21.A〕She has made lots of money as a doctor.
B〕She is going to take care of her old dad.
C〕She has never got on with her father.
D〕She is kind and generous by nature.
22.A〕Ho dines out with his wife every weekend.
B〕He is excellent but looks bad-tempered.
C〕He does not care about his appearance.
D〕He is not quite popular with his patients.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation yohave just heard.
23.A〕The man has sent the order to the woman by mistake.
B〕Some of the telephone systems don’t work properly.
C〕Some of the packs do not contain any manuals.
D〕The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.
24.A〕Send a service engineer to do the repairs.
B〕Consult her boss about the best solution.
C〕Pass the man’s order to the right person.
D〕Solve the problem at her company’s cost.
25.A〕Ideal.
B〕Temporary.
C〕Partial.
D〕Creative.
Section B
Directions:In this section,yowill hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage,yowill hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After yohear a question,yomust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation yohave just heard.
26.A〕It is entertaining.
B〕It is a costly hobby.
C〕It takes lots of time.
D〕It requires training.
27.A〕They can harm nearby plants.
B〕They may catch some disease.
C〕They fight each other for food.
D〕They may pollute the environment.
28.A〕Place the food on warmer spots.
B〕Use prepared feed mixtures only.
C〕Avoid using any contaminated food
D〕Continue the feeding till it gets warm.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
29.A〕He will betray even his best friends.
B〕He is able to make up good excuses.
C〕He will lie whenever he wants.
D〕He tries to achieve his goal at any cost.
30.A〕She made him apologize.
B〕She readily forgave him.
C〕She broke up with him.
D〕She refused to answer his calls.
31.A〕Buy her a new set of tires.
B〕Help clean her apartment.
C〕Lend her his batteries.
D〕Move furniture for her.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
32.A〕The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.
B〕Their parents put too much pressure on them.
C〕It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.
D〕They have to live in the shadow of their parents.
33.A〕He always boasts about his rich father.
B〕He will grow up to be good for nothing.
C〕He has too much to know the value of things.
D〕He is too young to manage his inherited property.
34.A〕She wants Amanda to get professional care.
B〕She has no experience in raising children.
C〕She wants to show off her wealth.
D〕She has no time to do it herself.
35.A〕The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.
B〕The worship of money,beauty and pleasure.
C〕The attention the media focuses on them.
D〕The pursuing of perfection in performance.
Section C
Directions:In this section,yowill hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,yoshould listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,yoare required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words yohave just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 yoare required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks,yocan either use the exact words yohave just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,yoshould check what yohave written.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡２上作答。
Around 120 years ago,Ebbinghaus began his study of memory.He〔36〕on studying how quickly the human mind can remember〔37〕.One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis〔假设〕，which simply means the amount yolearn〔38〕____on the time yospend trying to less it.This can be taken as our first rule of learning.
Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one,there is the question of how we should use the four hours.For example,is it better to study for four hours〔39〕or to study for one hour a day for four days in a〔40〕?The answer,as yomay have〔41〕,is that it is better to spread out the study times.This〔42〕,through which too can learn more〔43〕by dividing our practice time,is known as the distribution of practice effect.Thus,〔44〕.
But we’re not finished yet.We haven’t considered how we should study over very short periods of time.〔45〕.Should yolook at the same word in rapid succession,or look at the word and then have some delay before yolook at it again?〔46〕.
Part IV Reading Comprehension〔Reading in Depth〕〔25 minutes〕
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.Yoare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Yomay not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Every year in the first week of my English class,some students inform me that writing is too hard.They never write,unless assignments__47__it.They find the writing process__48__and difficult.
How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it---__49__English,with its rich vocabulary.Being able to speak but not write is like living in an__50__mansion(豪宅)and never leaving one small room.When I meet students who think they can’t write,I knots,as a teacher my__51__is to show them the rest of the rooms.My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to__52__the moral and emotional development of my students.One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.
Writing ability is like strength training.Writing needs to be done__53__,just like exercise;just as muscles grow stronger with exercise,writing skills improve quickly with writing practice.I often see a rise in student confidence and__54__after only a few weeks of journal writing.
Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student.When my students practice journal writing,they are practicing for their future academic,political,and__55__lives.They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel,a piece of sorely needed legislation,or the perfect love letter.Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step__56__to fluency,eloquence〔雄辩〕，and command of language.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A〕closer I〕painful
B〕daily J〕performance
C〕emotional K〕profession
D〕enhance L〕remarkably
E〕enormous M〕require
F〕especially N〕sensitive
G〕hinder O〕urge
H〕mission
Section B
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕.Yoshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The January fashion show,called FutureFashion,exemplified how far green design has come.Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge,the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time.Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges.Scott Hahn,cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton,says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.“Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,〞he says.For example,organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress.But some popular synthetics,like stretch nylon,still have few eco-friendly equivalents.
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.Last year the influential trade show Designers&Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs〔企业家〕who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25%sustainable.It now counts more than 50 green designers,up from fewer than a dozen two years ago.This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic:it will buy transitional〔过渡型的〕cotton at higher prices,thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material.“Mainstream is about to occur,〞says Hahn.
Some analysts〔分析师〕are less sure.Among consumers,only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists,up from 6%four years ago.Natalie Hormilla,a fashion writer,is an example of the unconverted consumer.When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes,she replied:“Not that I’m aware of.〞Like most consumers,she finds little time to shop,and when she does,she’s on the hunt for“cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.〞By her own admission,green just isn’t yet on her mind.But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers,retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57.What is said about FutureFashion?
A〕It inspired many leading designers to start going green.
B〕It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.
C〕It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.
D〕It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.
58.According to Scott Hahn,one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that.
A〕much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials
B〕they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials
C〕customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials
D〕quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available
59.We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion.
A〕can attend various trade shows free
B〕are readily recognized by the fashion world
C〕can buy organic cotton at favorable prices
D〕are gaining more and more support
60.What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?
A〕She doesn’t seem to care about it.
B〕She doesn’t think it is sustainable.
C〕She is doubtful of its practical value.
D〕She is very much opposed to the idea.
61.What does the author think of green fashion?
A〕Green products will soon go mainstream.
B〕It has a very promising future.
C〕Consumers have the final say.
D〕It will appeal more to young people.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand〔缕〕of hair,a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.
The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.
“You’re what yoeat and drink,and that’s recorded in your hair,〞said Thure Ceiling,a geologist at the University of Utah.
While U.S.diet is relatively identical,water supplies vary.The differences result from weather patterns.The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable,but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes〔同位素〕.The heaviest rain falls first.As a result,storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.
Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S.By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair,scientists can construct a geographic timeline.Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.
Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences.They checked the accuracy or the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.
They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of rain systems.
“It’s not good for pinpointing〔精确定位〕，〞Ceding said.“It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.〞
Todd Park,a local detective,said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.
The woman was 5 feet tall.Police recovered 26 bones,a T-shirt and several strands of hair.
When Park heard about the research,he gave the hair samples to the researchers.Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death,she moved about every two months.
She stayed in the Northwest,although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.
“It’s still a substantial area,〞Park said.“But it narrows it way down for me.〞
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62.What is the scientists’new discovery?
A〕One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.
B〕A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.
C〕Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.
D〕The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.
63.What does the author mean by“You’re what yoeat and drink〞〔Line 1,Para.3〕？
A〕Food and drink affect one’s personality development.
B〕Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.
C〕Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.
D〕Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.
64.What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?
A〕There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.
B〕The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.
C〕Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.
D〕It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.
65.What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?
A〕A map showing the regional differences of tap water.
B〕A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.
C〕A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.
D〕A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.
66.What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?
A〕It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.
B〕It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.
C〕It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.
D〕It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.
Part V Cloze〔15 minutes〕
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕on the right side of the paper.Yoshould choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡２上作答。
Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car-makers.He’s young,successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable__67__.He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf,a sport utility vehicle.But now he uses__68__subways and trains.“It’s not inconvenient at all,〞he says.__69__,“having a car is so 20th century.〞
Suda reflects a worrisome__70__in Japan;the automobile is losing its emotional appeal,__71__among the young,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices.__72__mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular,everything in between is__73__.Last year sales fell 6.7 percent,7.6 percent__74__yodon’t count the mini-car market.There have been__75__one-year drops in other nations:sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007__76__a tax increase.But experts say Japan is__77__in that sales have been decreasing steadily__78__time.Since 1990,yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.
Alarmed by this state of__79__,the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association〔JAMA〕__80__a comprehensive study of the market in 2006.It found that a__81__wealth gap,demographic〔人口结构〕changes and__82__lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their__83__longer,replace their cars with smaller ones__84__give up car ownership altogether.JAMA__85__a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year.Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer,further consolidation〔合并〕in the automotive sector is__86__.
67.A〕profit C〕income B〕payment D〕budget
68.A〕mostly C〕occasionally
B〕partially D〕rarely
69.A〕Therefore C〕Otherwise
B〕Besides D〕Consequently
70.A〕drift C〕current
B〕tide D〕trend
71.A〕remarkably C〕specially
B〕essentially D〕particularly
72.A〕While C〕When
B〕Because D〕Since
73.A〕surging C〕slipping
B〕stretching D〕shaking
74.A〕unless C〕as
B〕if D〕after
75.A〕lower C〕broader
B〕slighter D〕larger
76.A〕liable to C〕thanks to
B〕in terms of D〕in view of
77.A〕unique C〕mysterious
B〕similar D〕strange
78.A〕over C〕on
B〕against D〕behind
79.A〕mess C〕growth
B〕boom D〕decay
80.A〕proceeded C〕launched
B〕relieved D〕revised
81.A〕quickening C〕strengthening
B〕widening D〕lengthening
下面是小编整理的英语四级真题和解析，希望能帮助到大家。
英语四级真题和解析
注意：此局部试题在答题卡1上。
Directions:For this part,yoare allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums.Yoshould write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？
2.也会带来一些问题
3.你的看法
Free Admission to Museums
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)〔15 minutes〕
Directions:In this part,yowill have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕.For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How Do YoSee Diversity?
As a manager,Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company.During one interview,she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact.She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.
He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions,but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said“untrustworthy,〞so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.
“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,〞Tiffany confesses.What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different〞behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding.He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开)your eyes.
“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact;not realizing it was cultural,〞Tiffany says.“I missed out,but will not miss that opportunity again.〞
Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different.As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.
Hire Advantage
At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏见)from the process have a distinct advantage.My company,Mindsets LLC,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots.A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.
“During my Mindsets coaching session,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce.I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets.The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company.When the real estate market began to change,it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to say in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.〞
Blinded by Gender
Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce.“Through one of the sessions,I discovered my personal bias,〞he recalls.“I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person,and being open to differences.〞In his case,the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.
“I had a management position open in my department;and the two finalists were a man and a woman.Had I not attended this workshop,I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position,I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.〞Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.
“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation,I needed to present the full range of duties,responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.〞Dale credits the workshop,“because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.〞
Year of the Know-It-All
Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops.He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.
“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year.In my ignorance,I assumed he had his dates wrong’,as the first of January had just passed.When I advised him of this,I gave him a tong talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates.
“He patiently waited,then when I was done,he said he would like Chinese New Year off,not the Western New Year.He explained politely that in his culture the new year did not begin January first,and that Chinese New Year,which is tied to the lunar cycle,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar.Needless to say,I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up.But I learned a great deal about assumptions,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture.
“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with toy employees,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all,〞Doug admits.“The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more‘inclusive’to differences.〞
A Better Bottom Line
An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally,it is profitable as well.These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales.“Most of my customers speak English as a second language.One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone.It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service.As a result,our customer base has increased.〞
Once we start to see people as individuals,and discard the stereotypes,we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone.Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities.It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.,we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的)or contrary to our fundamental values.We need to train ourselves to think differently,shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate？
A〕He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.
B〕He was slow in answering her questions.
C〕His resume didn’t provide the necessary information.
D〕His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.
2.Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from.
A〕racial stereotypes
82.A〕average C〕abundant
B〕massive D〕general
83.A〕labels C〕vehicles
B〕cycles D〕devices
84.A〕or C〕but
B〕until D〕then
85.A〕concludes C〕reckons
B〕predicts D〕prescribes
86.A〕distant C〕temporary
B〕likely D〕immediate
Part VI Translation〔5 minutes〕
Directions:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write yotranslation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文局部。
87.Soon after he transferred to the new school,Ali found that he had〔很难跟上班里的同学〕in math and English.
88.If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary〔就不会被大雨淋着了〕.
89.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are〔更有可能增加体重〕.
90.〔很多人没有意识到的〕is that Simon is a lover of sports,and football in particular.
91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is〔与缺乏锻炼密切相关〕.
2021年6月英语四级考试答案解析
Part I Writing
Free Admission to Museums
In recently years it has become increasingly popular for more and more museums to offer free admission to visitors,be them children or adults,citizens or tourists.The purposes for this,as I see them,are quite straightforward.First,free admission to museums is a feasible and effective way to enhance the public’s awareness of our cultural and historical heritage.Second,free access to museums provides a good educational opportunity;as visitors look at those invaluable treasures,they will feel the urge to learn.Besides,free admission to museums also promotes and popularizes Chinese culture both home and abroad.
However,free admission to museums may also cause some problems.There may be huge crowds of visitors on holidays or for some exhibitions,which may cause disturbance or chaos;the presence of large crowds may also cause damage to the things on display,for example,some visitors often use flash lights where they are not supposed to.What’s more,free admission and the crowds that follow is a test to the museums’finance,maintenance,and management abilities.
This being said,I still believe free admission to museums is a plausible idea;only certain measures need to be taken to ensure that museums get enough funds to maintain and manage their exhibitions,and that the flow of visitors is controlled and their behaviors regulated.This way free admission to museums can be a lasting and beneficial practice.
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
原文分析：
本文是一篇说明文，讲述人们对文化diversity〔多元性〕应该有兼容并包的态度。本文结构非常清晰，开篇用Tiffany面试错过最正确候选人的例子来引出人们因为对不同文化的误解(misunderstanding)或假设(assumption)而经常犯错误；文中的每个小标题都是一种错误，并都用diversity workshop参与者的切身经历来例证。结尾局部，作者提出人们都应该正视自己思想模式的缺陷，用开放的态度对待文化多元性。
快速阅读不要求仔细通读全文，只要对文章的结构有大概了解，通过浏览定位关键词找答案。本文段落繁多，但结构清晰，小标题清楚指出每一局部的主题，而且题目的定位词非常明确，只需根据题目在原文对应段落中找到定位词即可。需要注意的是考题都是按顺序出现的，这就可以缩小定位范围，同时也意味着最后三个填空题都出现在文章的最后局部。
1.A此题定位词为“Tiffany，interview，bother〞。答案在第一段，but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said“untrustworthy〞。所以选A。第一段中两次强调了这一事实，she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact.
2.C此题紧随上一题，问的是Tiffany对自己错误的反思，答案也紧随第一题答案在第二段，即What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different〞behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding.所以选C。
3.B此题定位词“essential,economic globalization〞,在原文开头局部的结尾，即it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to re-examine some of our false assumptions，B选项与黑体局部同义。
4.B此题的定位词为Mindsets LLC。专有名词十分显眼，在第一个小标题下的第一段有对这家公司的描述：helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots，结合上下文给出的例子，选B。
5.D Dale这个名字出现在小标题“Blinded by Gender〞局部，其实即可以判断答案为D。原文对应的句子为：I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases〔不应该存有性别偏见〕into the situation,I needed to…
6.C此题与上题问的都是Dale参加完workshop的收获，答案也在一起，即Dale credits〔称赞〕the workshop,“because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.〞，选C，It helped him make fair decisions。
7.A Doug这个名字出现在小标题“Year of Know-it-all〞局部，当他的美籍华裔员工向他请假过春节时，他的第一反响是I assumed he had his dates wrong,并且gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates。
8.embarrassed此题答案非常明确，原文为I(Dough)felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up.
9.inclusiveness此题稍带总结性，在“Year of Know-it-all〞以及“A Better Bottom Line〞两局部，参与者都提到了inclusiveness的重要性：Doug admits.“The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more‘inclusive’to differences.〞，以及These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales.而在倒数第二段，作者也作了总结：Once we start to see people as individuals and discard the stereotypes,we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone.
10.differences and similarities此题题干几乎与原文完全一致，在倒数第二段，即Once we start to see people as individuals and discard the stereotypes,we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone.Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities.
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11.D原文：W:There were more than a hundred people at Kate's birthday party.How come she's got so many friends?
M:It's really no surprise.Yoknow she was popular even when she was a child.
Q:What does the man imply about Kate?
推理题。问题问的是“imply〞〔暗示〕，即需要对原文进行推理。男士对Kate的说法是she was popular even when she was a child〔她是孩子时就很受欢送了〕，那么现在有一百多人参加她的生日晚会也缺乏为奇，所以选D。
12.C原文：M:They say there'll be a snow-storm tonight,and the cold weather will last quite a few days.
W:Oh!We're so lucky,we'll be getting away for a while,and having a holiday in Florida.But let's call right now to confirm our flight.
Q:What do we learn about the two speakers?
语言点：Be used to doing习惯做某事
场景题。本文的场景是两人在讨论度假方案，原文非常明确：we'll be getting away for a while,and having a holiday in Florida.已经可以判断C，They are going to have a holiday为正确答案。A、B、D都是对对话中细节的混淆，the cold weather will last只是说有寒流到来，并非they are not used to living in a cold place〔不习惯住在冷的地方〕；have a holiday in Florida也不是live in Florida；至于air ticket，原文明确说的是confirm our flight〔确认航班〕，可见已经订票。
13.B原文：W:Tony was awarded a medal for rescuing several families from the forest fire.
M:I really admire his courage.
Q:What do we learn about Tony from the conversation?
语言点：Award sb.sth./award sth.to sb.授予某人某物Accuse sb.of sth./be accused of sth.因为某事〔被〕指责
主旨题。原文说Tony因为rescuing several families from the forest fire〔丛森林大火中救出了好几家人〕而获得奖章，所以男士说I really admire his courage〔敬佩他的勇气〕，答案为B。D〔他被指责引起了大火〕明显是错误的，A〔Tony很快乐获得奖章〕及C〔Tony曾经是救火队员〕都不符合原文。
14.B原文：M:My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night.
W:You'll never be able to get parts for it,even from Japan.So it might be time to invest a more recent model.
Q:What does the woman suggest the man do?
语言点：Part零件Invest投资
建议题。原文有非常明显的建议句型：it might be time to do sth.〔是该做…的时候了〕，女士的建议是：So it might be time to invest a more recent model.〔是时候投资一台更新款式的洗衣机了〕，所以选B。A为干扰项，invest通常是投资的意思，但这里仅指投资买洗衣机，而非make a profitable investment〔进行有利可图的投资〕。
15.D原文：W:I heard about your promotion,yomust be thrilled.
M:Not really,the new office is huge,but the work load has doubled.
Q:What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
语言点：Promotion升职Thrilled兴奋的Work load工作负担
态度题。问题问的是男士对于升职的态度，女士说yomust be thrilled〔你一定很兴奋吧〕，男士答复not really，已经可以确定D为正确答案；他进一步给出了解释，虽然办公室很大，但是the work load has doubled〔工作负担增加了一倍〕，但并不能从中看出he finds the work load unbearable〔不可忍受的〕。
16.D原文：W:I can't decide what to do about the party tomorrow。
M:Yodon't have to go if yodon't want to,but I'll be glad to give yoa ride if yodo。
Q:What do we learn from the conversation?
语言点：Give yoa ride开车带你一段
细节题。女士不知道明天的party该不该去，男士那么说I'll be glad to give yoa ride if yodo〔如果你去的话，我可以开车带你〕，所以选D。此题的重点是要理解what to do，这里指的是whether to go to the party。
17.C原文：M:Now if yohave any questions about the contract.I'll be happy to answer them.
W:Nothing comes to mind right now,but I'd like to go over all the articles of the contract once more before signing it.
Q:What are the speakers doing right now?
语言点：Go over仔细检查Articles of the contract合同条款。注意article这里的意思是“条款〞。
场景题。很明显两人在讨论contract，并且是在sign〔签署〕之前最后一次检查条款，所以选C。
18.A原文：M:We are out of paper for the printer.Can yoplease order some?
W:I completed the order form online yesterday and it will be here by noon.I'll let yoknow when it comes in。
Q:What did the woman do?
语言点：Be out of sth.用完了
细节题。问题问女士做了什么，答案为：I completed the order form online yesterday，买的是纸，所以选A。
Conversation One
W:Bob,do yoknow who I saw the other day?Old Jake,looking terribly depressed.Did he get pensioned off at last?(19)
M:Yes.They made him retire after 50 years at sea.(19)He is pretty upset about it,but what can yodo?He really is pasted.
W:He is all alone,isn't he?
M:Yes,his wife has been dead for years.(20)They had one daughter,Dories.But she went off to town as soon as she left school.And he hasn't heard from her since.I hear she is making good money as a model。
W:Maybe someone could get in touch with her.Get her to come back for a while to help?
M:I don't suppose she’d come.She never got on with her father.(21)He is bit of a tough character and she is rather selfish.Oh,I expect old Jake will get by.He is healthy at least,comes into a clinic for a check regularly。
W:Are yohis doctor?
M:No,my partner doctor Johnson is.
W:That bad-tempered old thing?
M:Oh,he isn't bad-tempered.He just looks it.He is an excellent doctor,(22)taught me a lot,and he has a very nice family.His wife invites me over there to supper every week.Very pleasant.
W:yes.I teach their daughter Pam at school.She is a bit careless and lazy about her school work,but a bright little thing and very popular with her age group.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
19.Why does old Jake look terribly depressed?
20.What do we learn about Jake's wife?
21.What does the man say about Jake's daughter?
22.What does the man say about Jake's doctor?
语言点：pension off sb.付退休金辞退某人〔pension是动词〕pasted过时的get by度过，挺过
He just looks it(bad-tempered).他只是看起来像〔坏脾气〕。
19．B主旨题。对话中两人在讨论Old Jake,looking terribly depressed.原因是he get pensioned off at last〔领了退休金退休了〕。At sea可以从下句话中看出：They made him retire after 50 years at sea.
20．A细节题。答案见划线局部。Pass away“去世〞。21．C细节题。答案见划线局部。Get on(well)with“跟某人相处得好〞。22．B细节题。答案见划线局部。.)get pensioned off at last?Pen
Conversation Two
W:Hello,Mr.Summerfield.How are yotoday?
M:Very well.Thank you,Ms.Green.
W:What can I do for you?
M:Well,unfortunately,there is a problem with the order we received from yoyesterday.It seems we haven not received the right quantity of manuals to support the telephone system.(23)
W:Oh,dear,that's bad news.I'm very sorry to hear that,and yodon't know how many packs are without manuals?
M:No,because we haven't opened every pack.But in several of those that have been opened there are none,no manuals.(23)
W:I'm very sorry about this inconvenience,Mr.Summerfield.We'll send out the manuals this afternoon by express mail entirely at our cost,(24)and the manuals should arrive tomorrow or the day after at the latest.
M:All of them,right?
W:Yes.It may be that some have them already,but we cannot be sure.So the best thing is to send out the manual for every pack.
M:Yes.Yes,I see.That would be great.(25)
W:Please accept our apologies for this mix-up.I assure yowe will do everything possible to find out why the mistake happened.
M:Right.Thanks for your swift action.(25)
W:Not at all.Thank yoand goodbye for now.Do call if there is anything else.
M:All right.Thank you.Goodbye,Ms.Green.
W:Goodbye.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
23.What problems are the speakers discussing?
24.What does the woman promise to do?
25.What does the man think of the solution?
语言点：Manuel说明书，手册Inconvenience不方便By express mail通过快递At our cost(at one’s cost)由我们付费
23．C主旨题。对话开头男士就提到了问题，即说明书不够；随后又补充说明细节，有的包里什么说明书都没有，所以选C。24．D细节题。答案见划线局部。25．A细节题。男士明显很满意，因为他说that would be great。
Section Two
Passage 1
Attracting and feeding wild birds are entertaining activities that have long been enjoyed by people all over the world.(26)Feeding birds has become so popular that prepared feed mixtures are readily available.We feed birds for many reasons.Many pleasant hours can come from watching birds.A hobby often develops into a serious study of their habits.Accurate identification of birds is usually the first goal.But observations that an amateur bird-watcher can make are really limitless.There is,however,responsibility associated with bird feeding,including a disease hazard.Attracting numbers of birds continually to the same spot can be harmful to them,particularly species that pick food from the ground contaminated by the droppings of other birds.(27)In winter feeding efforts are most satisfying to people and are of greatest benefit to birds.During this time when fewer natural foods are available and air temperatures are lower,extra feeding can keep a bird warm and well.Once begun,feeding should never stop during these lean months.(28)If yostart a local increase of birds,be prepared to do what may be required to eliminate hazards to those yowant to befriend.A constant supply of food should be given until the cold is over and spring has come.(28)If feeding is stopped during severe weather,birds used to relying upon the feeders might starve.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
26.What does the speaker say about bird watching?
27.What does the speaker say about birds fed continually on the same spot?
28.What does the speaker suggest we do in feeding birds in winter?
本文是一篇关于喂食鸟类的说明文，重点讨论喂食对鸟类的好处与好处，并提出在冬天喂食并持续到天气转暖是对鸟类最有益处的。本文的语言稍难，但找到问题的答案并不难。
语言点：Prepared feed mixtures混合饲料Amateur业余爱好者Hazard危险Contaminate污染Dropping粪便
Lean贫乏的Eliminate消除Befriend与…成为朋友
26．A细节题。答案在文章第一句，用词相同：Attracting and feeding wild birds are entertaining activities。
27．B细节题。此题稍有难度，因为原文中提到birds fed continually on the same spot时并没有直接说明有可能染病，而是说pick food from the ground contaminated by the droppings of other birds〔吃地上已经被别的鸟类粪便污染的食物〕，而这与上一句话相照应，是一个disease hazard〔疾病危险〕，所以选B，they may catch some disease。
28．D细节题。原文中两处提到了冬天喂食鸟类须注意的地方，见划线局部。
Passage 2
My friend Leo makes up weak and poor excuses whenever there is something he doesn't want to do.(29)Just two weeks ago,he was at my house when he decided he didn't want to go into work.He called his boss and said he had to get a new set of tires put on his truck.Then he sat down and watched TV with me.Not only had he lied but his excuse wasn't a very convincing one.Another time,he cancelled a date with his girlfriend at the last minute telling her he had to get a new battery for his truck.She was angry and refused to go out with him again until he apologized.(30)Last weekend,Leo offered the poorest excuse yet.He'd promised he'd help me move some furniture,(40)from my parents'house to my new apartment.He was supposed to bring his truck over about 8 o'clock Saturday morning.I waited,and then called and left a message on his machine.About 11:30,he called and said he was sorry but he'd been getting a new set of tires put on his truck.I guess he'd forgotten he used the same excuse when he called his boss from my house.I think I need a new set of friends.I'm beginning to get tired of Leo's excuses.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
29.What does the speaker tell us about her friend Leo?
30.What did his girlfriend do when Leo canceled a date with her at the last minute?
31.What favor did the speaker ask Leo to do last weekend?
本文是一篇对Leo的描述性说明文，通过三个例子说明只要有Leo不想做的事，他都会编造蹩脚的借口来推托搪塞。本文的语言和题目都比拟简单。
29．C主旨题。答案见划线局部。A选项是干扰项，he will betray〔背叛〕even his best friends，貌似正确，但make up poor and weak excuses〔编造蹩脚的借口〕远没有betray严重。
30．A细节题。原文中说的是She was angry and refused to go out with him again until he apologized.〔她拒绝跟Leo约会，直到他抱歉〕，可见答案为A，she made him apologize〔逼迫他抱歉〕。31．D细节题。答案见划线局部。
Passage 3
In Hollywood,everybody wants to be rich,famous and beautiful.Nobody wants to be old,unknown and poor.For Hollywood kids,life can be difficult because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere.(32)Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents'ambitions.Parents pay for wasteful grand parties,expensive cars and designer clothes.When every dream can come true,kids don't learn the value of anything because they have everything.(33)A thirteen-year-old boy,Trent Maguire,has a driver,credit cards and unlimited cash to do what he wants when he wants to."One day,I'll earn more than my dad!"he boasts.Parents buy care and attention for their children because they have no time to give it themselves.(34)Amender's mother employs a personal trainer,a bodyguard,a singing coach and a councilor to look after all her fifteen-year-old daughter's needs.Often,there is no parent at home most days,so children decide whether to make their own meals or go out to restaurants,when to watch television or do homework.They organize their own social lives.They play no childhood games.They become adults before they're ready.Hollywood has always been the city of dreams.The kids there live unreal lives where money,beauty and pleasure are the only gods.(35)Will children around the world soon start to think the same?Or do they already?
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
32.Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?
33.What does the speaker say about Trent Maguire,a thirteen-year-old boy?
34.Why does Amender's mother employ other people to look after her needs?
35.What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids?
本文是一篇说明文，讨论好来坞生活对孩子的负面影响；本文结构清晰，在每一种负面影响后即举例说明，33、34题就是如此。本文的题目答案都与原文完全一致。
语言点：Ambition/ambitious雄心/有雄心的Designer clothes名牌服装
32．A主旨题。答案见划线局部。33．C细节题。Trent Maguire的例子是对好莱坞负面影响的例证，答案在例子之前写出。34题也是如此。34．D细节题。答案见划线局部。35．B细节题。答案见划线局部。
Section 3
Around 120 years ago,Ebbinghaus began his study of memory.He concentrated on studying how quickly the human mind can remember information.One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis,which simply means the amount yolearn depends on the time yospend trying to learn it.This can be taken as our first rule of learning.
Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one,there is still the question of how we should use the four hours.For example,is it better to study for four hours straight or to study for one hour a day for four days in a row?The answer,as yomay have suspected,is that it is better to spread out the study times.This phenomenon through which we can learn more efficiently by dividing our practice time is known as the distribution of practice effect.Thus,our second rule of learning is this:it's better to study fairly briefly but often.
But we are not finished yet.We haven't considered how we should study over very short periods of time.Let's say yoare trying to learn some new and rather difficult English vocabulary using a stack of cards.Should yolook at the same word in rapid succession or look at the word and then have some delay before yolook at it again?The answer is it is better to space up the presentations of the word yoare to learn.
36.concentrated原句空缺谓语，并与on搭配。Concentrate on“专注于〞。注意时态应用过去时。37.information
38.depends原句空缺谓语，并与on搭配。Depend on“专注于〞。主语为amount，注意应用第三人称单数。
39.straight这里straight是“一直地〞意思。40.row固定短语搭配，in a row“连续〞。
41.suspected“猜测〞。注意原句是现在完成时态，所以用过去分词形式。
42.phenomenon“现象〞。此处是单数，有指示代词this，切记不要写成复数形式phemomena。43.efficiently
44.our second rule of learning is this:it is better to study fairly briefly but often或者：2nd rule of learning:better to study briefly but often
45.Let’s say yoare trying to learn some new and rather difficult English vocabulary using a stack of cards
.或者：example:learn new English words with cards
46.The answer is it is better to space out the presentations of the word yoare to learn.或者：better to learn new words at intervals
提示：44-46考察考生的听写能力。建议在第一遍分辨句型，判断句子结构，听懂句子大意；第二遍是关键，应该写下句子的主干，此时尽可能多写；第三遍是检查阶段，补充剩余句子成分，尽可能使句子完整。如果不能完全按照原文记下来，可以根据原文意思用自己的语言表述。在听写整句时，要学会使用缩略语，在听第二遍第三遍时再将整句写上。
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
47.M require“要求〞。本空应该填动词作谓语，主语为复数，用一般现在时态。
48.I painful“痛苦的〞。本空是与difficult并列的形容词，词义相近，只能选painful。
49.F especially“特别是〞。本空是解释说明的补语，用副词；而且后句解释英文词汇尤其丰富，所以用especially。
50.E Enormous“巨大的〞。本句是一个比喻，将会说英文而不会写作比喻成身处豪宅而不能离开一间斗室，这里应该是与small room反义的词，即enormous mansion。
51.H Mission“任务〞。本空与物主代词my共同构成句子主语，一定是名词；句子讲的是老师应该做什么，并且与下一句的task同义，所以选mission。
52.D Enhance“提高〞。这里是一个表示目的的动词不定式，与动词搭配的是development，选enhance。
53.B Daily“每天〞。本空应该选一个表示频率的副词，说明写作就像锻炼一样，用daily。
54.J Performance“表现〞。本空跟confidence并列作介词in的宾语。
55.C Emotional“感情的〞。本空与acadamice、political等形容词并列修饰名词lives，并且后文有提示write the perfect love letter，选emotional。
56.A Closer“更近的〞。最后一句讲每天练习写作的好处，每写一天，他们就离流利更近一步，puts them a step closer to fluency。
Section Two
Passage One
原文分析：
本文是一篇说明文〔exposition〕，讲的是时尚界的绿色风潮。第一段，作者用一次成功的绿色时装展引出话题；第二段，讨论了绿色设计师面临的问题，主要是有机面料难以获得；第三段例举了绿色设计师获得的多方支持，而最后一段那么引述了某些人对绿色设计并不乐观的看法。最后，作者说明了自己的态度，即绿色设计最终会获得大局部消费者的认同。本文语言不难，虽然有一些专业词汇，但并不影响理解。
难句分析：
1．The January fashion show,called Future Fashion,exemplified how far green design has come.
一月份举行的名为“未来时尚〞的时装展证明了绿色时尚的成就。本句的难点是how far green design has come，这里是“有多大成就〞的意思。
2．Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to.
大局部现有品牌的设计师发现现在没有可以比得上、并且立刻代替他们正在使用且消费者熟悉的面料。
本句的句子结构比拟复杂，宾语从句there aren’t comparable fabrics中有修饰fabrics的定语从句that can just replace…，而replace后那么是两个并列的宾语从句what you’re doing and what your customers are used to。
关键词汇：sustainable可持续的Organic有机的Fabrics面料Line系列设计/商品Comparable比得上的
Indistinguishable无法区分的Synthetics合成材料Stretch nylon弹性尼龙Equivalent对等物
Unconverted未被说服的convert“使转变〞On the hunt for sth.在寻找某物
57.A细节题。答案在第一段，the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time，A选项只是用start going green代替了work with sustainable fabrics for the first time。
58.D总结题。答案在第二段，讨论了绿色设计师面临的问题，文中首先简述了问题，即high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find，随后又引用Scott Hahn的话进行详细解释〔见难句分析2〕，最后指出some popular synthetics,like stretch nylon,still have few eco-friendly equivalents.综合起来，选D。
59.D总结题。此题考的是第三段的主要内容，从topic sentence即可看出答案为D：Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support，随后给出例证。A、B、C选项都是具体的例证。
60.A细节题。答案在最后一段。Natalie是一个unconverted consumer〔未被说服的消费者〕，而且成认green just isn’t yet on her mind〔没想过〕。
61.B态度题。作者在全文最后明确提出了自己的态度：But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers,retailers and suppliers–one day it will be.〔总有一天，消费者会意识到绿色服装的重要性〕。而且从文章的语气可以看出，作者是赞同绿色时尚的。
Passage Two
原文分析：
本文是一篇科学说明文〔scientific exposition〕，介绍科学家的一项新发现，即通过对头发中水的成分的分析来大致判断个人活动的区域及途径。文章先介绍了这项发现的原理，饮用水会在头发中留下痕迹，而因为美国各地天气状况不一样，雨水中的化学成分各有差异，这样通过分析头发中水的成分可以大致确定某人在哪些时间段到过哪些地方。文章后半局部用一个具体的例子来说明这项发现可以用于帮助警方追踪嫌疑犯或受害者。
难句分析：
1.By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair,scientists can construct a geographic timeline.Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.
通过对一缕头发中重氢氧同位素比例的分析，科学家们可以构造一条地理时间线。一英寸头发相当于两个月。
2.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of rain systems.
他们能够准确地将头发样品与某个大的区域对应起来，而这些区域的分布大致与降雨系统的活动一致。
关键词汇：Chemical composition化学成分Trace痕迹
62.B主旨题。此题问的是文章的主题，文章第一句就明确了主题：Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕)of hair〔通过一缕头发就能大致确定某人在哪里居住过〕，选B。
63.C理解题。You’re what yoeat and drink这句话通常指饮食对人体健康的影响，但在本文中，科学家引用这句话意在说明饮用水会在头发里留下化学痕迹，所以选C。
64.B理解题。原文为：The heaviest rain falls first.As a result,storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.〔最重的雨最先落下，所以，在太平洋上空形成的风暴在加州降下的雨比犹他州重〕。关键在第一句话，答案那么是反说，the water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland〔雨水越向内陆前进越轻〕。两者意思相同，表达方式相反。
65.A细节题。答案在文章中段：Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences.
66.C细节题。Cerling首先提到了这项研究的实际作用，即“It’s not good for pinpointing…It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.〞〔不适用于精确定位，更适用于剔除很多可能性〕；文章结尾警察也确认了这一用处：it narrows it way down for me〔缩小了搜索范围〕，所以选C。
Part V Cloze
67.C词义辨析题。Profit“利润〞，payment“付款〞，income“收入〞，budget“预算〞。
68.A词义辨析题。Mostly“大局部，主要〞，partially“局部〞，occasionally“偶尔〞，rarely“很少〞。此题要弄清楚根本句意，本句是与上句的一个比照：以前自己有车，现在那么主要坐地铁。
69.B副词辨析题。Therefore“因此〞，Besides“而且〞，Otherwise“否那么〞，Consequently“因此〞。此题要注意逻辑，Suda在说坐地铁的理由：方便，而且开车是20世纪的事〔即已经过时了〕；两个句子是并列关系。
70.D词义辨析题。Drift“漂流〞，tide“潮汐〞，current“水流〞，trend“趋势〞。
71.C词义辨析题。Remarkably“显著地〞，essentially“根本地〞，specially“特别地〞，particularly“尤其〞。
72.A连词辨析题。此题要判断句内的逻辑关系：尽管小型车和豪华车仍很流行，中间的车型销量都在下滑。转折关系用While“虽然〞。
73.C词义辨析题。Surge“迅速增长〞，stretch“拉伸〞，slip“下跌〞，shake“动摇〞。此题与下句的fell为同义词，相互提示。
74.B连词辨析题。Unless“除非〞，if“如果〞，as“当〞，after“在…之后〞。
75.D搭配题。Low“低〞，slight“少〞，broad“广〞，large“大〞。Larger drops“更大的下滑〞。
76.C词义辨析题。liable to“易于…〞，in terms of“在…方面〞，thanks to“由于〞，in view of“考虑到〞。
77.A词义辨析题。Unique“独特的〞，similar“相似的〞，mysterious“神秘的〞，strange“奇怪的〞。
78.A介词辨析题。Over time“长时间以来〞；on time“准时〞；behind time“迟了〞；against不能与time搭配。
79.D词义辨析题。Mess“混乱〞，boom“繁荣〞，growth“生长，开展〞，decay“衰败〞。根据上文sales fell，应该选decay。
80.C词义辨析题。Proceed“进行〞，relieve“放心〞，launch“启动〞，revise“改编〞。此题还要注意搭配，launch a study“开始一项研究〞。
81.B词义辨析题。Quickening“加快的〞，widening“变宽的〞，strengthening“加强的〞，lengthening“延长的〞。Widening gap是常见搭配，“日益增长的差距〞。
82.D词义辨析题。Average“平均的〞，massive“巨大的〞，abundant“充足的〞，general“普遍的〞。
83.C词义辨析题。Labels“标签〞，cycles“循环〞，vehicles“汽车〞，devices“装置〞。
84.A连词辨析题。此题要辨清句内的逻辑关系，本句列举了日本人处置汽车的三种做法，为并列关系，用or。
85.B词义辨析题。Conclude“得出结论〞，predict“预测〞，reckon“认为〞，prescribe“规定〞。本句讲的是JAMA对本年汽车销售的估计，还没有发生，用predict。
86.B词义辨析题。Distant“遥远的〞，likely“可能的〞，temporary“临时的〞，immediate“立即的〞。
Part VI Translation
87．a lot of difficulty(in)catching up with his classmates
要点：1〕“很难〞：注意要与谓语动词搭配；动词是had，只能用have difficulty(in)doing sth;2〕“赶上〞：catch up with
88．would not have been caught in the rain
要点：1〕时态：从状语从句看出，这里用的是与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，所以用would have done。
2〕“被雨淋〞：be caught in the rain
89．are more likely to gain/put on weight
要点：1〕“更有可能〞：用likely而不用possible;2〕“增加体重〞：用put on weight或者gain weight都可以
90．What many people haven’t realized/What many people haven’t become aware of/What has not come to many people’s minds/What has not occurred to many people
要点：1〕主语从句：需要翻译的局部是一个what引导的主语从句。2〕时态：这里用现在完成时态比一般现在时态更适宜。
3〕“意识到〞：这个词下面是小编整理的2023英语四级试题及答案，希望能帮助到大家。
2023英语四级试题及答案
注意：此局部试题在答题卡1上。
Directions:For this part,yoare allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums.Yoshould write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？
2.也会带来一些问题
3.你的看法
Free Admission to Museums
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)〔15 minutes〕
Directions:In this part,yowill have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕.For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How Do YoSee Diversity?
As a manager,Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company.During one interview,she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact.She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.
He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions,but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said“untrustworthy,〞so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.
“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,〞Tiffany confesses.What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different〞behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding.He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开)your eyes.
“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact;not realizing it was cultural,〞Tiffany says.“I missed out,but will not miss that opportunity again.〞
Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different.As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.
Hire Advantage
At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏见)from the process have a distinct advantage.My company,Mindsets LLC,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots.A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.
“During my Mindsets coaching session,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce.I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets.The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company.When the real estate market began to change,it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to say in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.〞
Blinded by Gender
Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce.“Through one of the sessions,I discovered my personal bias,〞he recalls.“I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person,and being open to differences.〞In his case,the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.
“I had a management position open in my department;and the two finalists were a man and a woman.Had I not attended this workshop,I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position,I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.〞Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.
“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation,I needed to present the full range of duties,responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.〞Dale credits the workshop,“because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.〞
Year of the Know-It-All
Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops.He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.
“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year.In my ignorance,I assumed he had his dates wrong’,as the first of January had just passed.When I advised him of this,I gave him a tong talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates.
“He patiently waited,then when I was done,he said he would like Chinese New Year off,not the Western New Year.He explained politely that in his culture the new year did not begin January first,and that Chinese New Year,which is tied to the lunar cycle,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar.Needless to say,I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up.But I learned a great deal about assumptions,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture.
“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with toy employees,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all,〞Doug admits.“The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more‘inclusive’to differences.〞
A Better Bottom Line
An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally,it is profitable as well.These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales.“Most of my customers speak English as a second language.One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone.It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service.As a result,our customer base has increased.〞
Once we start to see people as individuals,and discard the stereotypes,we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone.Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities.It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.,we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的)or contrary to our fundamental values.We need to train ourselves to think differently,shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate？
A〕He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.
B〕He was slow in answering her questions.
C〕His resume didn’t provide the necessary information.
D〕His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.
2.Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from.
A〕racial stereotypes
B〕invalid personal bias
C〕cultural ignorance
D〕emphasis on physical appearance
3.What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author?
A〕Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.
B〕Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.
C〕Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.
D〕Expanding domestic and international markets.
4.What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?
A〕A real estate agency.
B〕A personnel training company.
C〕A cultural exchange organization.
D〕A hi-tech company.
5.After one of the workshops,account executive Dale realized that.
A〕he had hired the wrong person
B〕he could have done more for his company
C〕he had not managed his workforce well
D〕he must get rid of his gender bias
6.What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?
A〕It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.
B〕It tapped into the executives’full potential.
C〕It helped him make fair decisions.
D〕It met participants’diverse needs.
7.How did Doug,a supervisor,respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request for leave?
A〕He told him to get the dates right.
B〕He demanded an explanation.
C〕He flatly turned it down.
D〕He readily approved it.
8.Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.
9.After attending Mindsets’workshops,the participants came to know the importance of to their business.
10.When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes,we can achieve diversity and benefit from the between us.
Part III Listening Comprehension〔35 minutes〕
Section A
Directions:In this section,yowill hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,yomust read the four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕，and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A〕She expected more people at her party.
B〕She enjoys entertaining small children.
C〕She threw a surprise party for her friend.
D〕She has always enjoyed great popularity.
12.A〕They are not used to living in a cold place.
B〕They feel lucky to live in Florida.
C〕They are going to have a holiday.
D〕They have not booked their air tickets yet.
13.A〕He was pleased to get the medal.
B〕He was very courageous.
C〕He used to be a firefighter.
D〕He was accused of causing a fire.
14.A〕Make a profitable investment.
B〕Buy a new washing machine.
C〕Get parts for the machine from Japan.
D〕Have the old washing machine fixed.
15.A〕He is pleased with his exciting new job.
B〕He finds the huge workload unbearable.
C〕He finds his office much too big for him.
D〕He is not to excited about his new position.
16.A〕The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.
B〕The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.
C〕The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.
D〕The man offers to drive the woman to the party.
17.A〕Drawing up a business plan.
B〕Discussing a term paper.
C〕Finalizing a contract.
D〕Reviewing a co-authored article.
18.A〕She ordered some paper.
B〕She had the printer repaired.
C〕She chatted online with a friend.
D〕She filled in an application form.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation yohave just heard.
19.A〕His health is getting worse.
B〕He can no longer work at sea.
C〕His past life upsets him a good deal.
D〕He has not got the expected pension.
20.A〕She passed away years ago.
B〕She used to work as a model.
C〕She has been working at a clinic.
D〕She has been seriously ill for years.
21.A〕She has made lots of money as a doctor.
B〕She is going to take care of her old dad.
C〕She has never got on with her father.
D〕She is kind and generous by nature.
22.A〕Ho dines out with his wife every weekend.
B〕He is excellent but looks bad-tempered.
C〕He does not care about his appearance.
D〕He is not quite popular with his patients.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation yohave just heard.
23.A〕The man has sent the order to the woman by mistake.
B〕Some of the telephone systems don’t work properly.
C〕Some of the packs do not contain any manuals.
D〕The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.
24.A〕Send a service engineer to do the repairs.
B〕Consult her boss about the best solution.
C〕Pass the man’s order to the right person.
D〕Solve the problem at her company’s cost.
25.A〕Ideal.
B〕Temporary.
C〕Partial.
D〕Creative.
Section B
Directions:In this section,yowill hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage,yowill hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After yohear a question,yomust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation yohave just heard.
26.A〕It is entertaining.
B〕It is a costly hobby.
C〕It takes lots of time.
D〕It requires training.
27.A〕They can harm nearby plants.
B〕They may catch some disease.
C〕They fight each other for food.
D〕They may pollute the environment.
28.A〕Place the food on warmer spots.
B〕Use prepared feed mixtures only.
C〕Avoid using any contaminated food
D〕Continue the feeding till it gets warm.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
29.A〕He will betray even his best friends.
B〕He is able to make up good excuses.
C〕He will lie whenever he wants.
D〕He tries to achieve his goal at any cost.
30.A〕She made him apologize.
B〕She readily forgave him.
C〕She broke up with him.
D〕She refused to answer his calls.
31.A〕Buy her a new set of tires.
B〕Help clean her apartment.
C〕Lend her his batteries.
D〕Move furniture for her.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage yohave just heard.
32.A〕The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.
B〕Their parents put too much pressure on them.
C〕It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.
D〕They have to live in the shadow of their parents.
33.A〕He always boasts about his rich father.
B〕He will grow up to be good for nothing.
C〕He has too much to know the value of things.
D〕He is too young to manage his inherited property.
34.A〕She wants Amanda to get professional care.
B〕She has no experience in raising children.
C〕She wants to show off her wealth.
D〕She has no time to do it herself.
35.A〕The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.
B〕The worship of money,beauty and pleasure.
C〕The attention the media focuses on them.
D〕The pursuing of perfection in performance.
Section C
Directions:In this section,yowill hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,yoshould listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,yoare required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words yohave just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 yoare required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks,yocan either use the exact words yohave just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,yoshould check what yohave written.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡２上作答。
Around 120 years ago,Ebbinghaus began his study of memory.He〔36〕on studying how quickly the human mind can remember〔37〕.One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis〔假设〕，which simply means the amount yolearn〔38〕____on the time yospend trying to less it.This can be taken as our first rule of learning.
Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one,there is the question of how we should use the four hours.For example,is it better to study for four hours〔39〕or to study for one hour a day for four days in a〔40〕?The answer,as yomay have〔41〕,is that it is better to spread out the study times.This〔42〕,through which too can learn more〔43〕by dividing our practice time,is known as the distribution of practice effect.Thus,〔44〕.
But we’re not finished yet.We haven’t considered how we should study over very short periods of time.〔45〕.Should yolook at the same word in rapid succession,or look at the word and then have some delay before yolook at it again?〔46〕.
Part IV Reading Comprehension〔Reading in Depth〕〔25 minutes〕
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.Yoare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Yomay not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Every year in the first week of my English class,some students inform me that writing is too hard.They never write,unless assignments__47__it.They find the writing process__48__and difficult.
How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it---__49__English,with its rich vocabulary.Being able to speak but not write is like living in an__50__mansion(豪宅)and never leaving one small room.When I meet students who think they can’t write,I knots,as a teacher my__51__is to show them the rest of the rooms.My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to__52__the moral and emotional development of my students.One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.
Writing ability is like strength training.Writing needs to be done__53__,just like exercise;just as muscles grow stronger with exercise,writing skills improve quickly with writing practice.I often see a rise in student confidence and__54__after only a few weeks of journal writing.
Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student.When my students practice journal writing,they are practicing for their future academic,political,and__55__lives.They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel,a piece of sorely needed legislation,or the perfect love letter.Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step__56__to fluency,eloquence〔雄辩〕，and command of language.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A〕closer I〕painful
B〕daily J〕performance
C〕emotional K〕profession
D〕enhance L〕remarkably
E〕enormous M〕require
F〕especially N〕sensitive
G〕hinder O〕urge
H〕mission
Section B
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A〕，B〕，C〕and D〕.Yoshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The January fashion show,called FutureFashion,exemplified how far green design has come.Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge,the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time.Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges.Scott Hahn,cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton,says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.“Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,〞he says.For example,organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress.But some popular synthetics,like stretch nylon,still have few eco-friendly equivalents.
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.Last year the influential trade show Designers&Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs〔企业家〕who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25%sustainable.It now counts more than 50 green designers,up from fewer than a dozen two years ago.This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic:it will buy transitional〔过渡型的〕cotton at higher prices,thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material.“Mainstream is about to occur,〞says Hahn.
Some analysts〔分析师〕are less sure.Among consumers,only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists,up from 6%four years ago.Natalie Hormilla,a fashion writer,is an example of the unconverted consumer.When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes,she replied:“Not that I’m aware of.〞Like most consumers,she finds little time to shop,and when she does,she’s on the hunt for“cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.〞By her own admission,green just isn’t yet on her mind.But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers,retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57.What is said about FutureFashion?
A〕It inspired many leading designers to start going green.
B〕It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.
C〕It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.
D〕It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.
58.According to Scott Hahn,one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that.
A〕much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials
B〕they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials
C〕customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials
D〕quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available
59.We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion.
A〕can attend various trade shows free
B〕are readily recognized by the fashion world
C〕can buy organic cotton at favorable prices
D〕are gaining more and more support
60.What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?
A〕She doesn’t seem to care about it.
B〕She doesn’t think it is sustainable.
C〕She is doubtful of its practical value.
D〕She is very much opposed to the idea.
61.What does the author think of green fashion?
A〕Green products will soon go mainstream.
B〕It has a very promising future.
C〕Consumers have the final say.
D〕It will appeal more to young people.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand〔缕〕of hair,a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.
The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.
“You’re what yoeat and drink,and that’s recorded in your hair,〞said Thure Ceiling,a geologist at the University of Utah.
While U.S.diet is relatively identical,water supplies vary.The differences result from weather patterns.The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable,but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes〔同位素〕.The heaviest rain falls first.As a result,storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.
Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S.By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair,scientists can construct a geographic timeline.Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.
Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences.They checked the accuracy or the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.
They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of rain systems.
“It’s not good for pinpointing〔精确定位〕，〞Ceding said.“It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.〞
Todd Park,a local detective,said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.
The woman was 5 feet tall.Police recovered 26 bones,a T-shirt and several strands of hair.
When Park heard about the research,he gave the hair samples to the researchers.Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death,she moved about every two months.
She stayed in the Northwest,although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.
“It’s still a substantial area,〞Park said.“But it narrows it way down for me.〞
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62.What is the scientists’new discovery?
A〕One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.
B〕A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.
C〕Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.
D〕The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.
63.What does the author mean by“You’re what yoeat and drink〞〔Line 1,Para.3〕？
A〕Food and drink affect one’s personality development.
B〕Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.
C〕Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.
D〕Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.
64.What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?
A〕There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.
B〕The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.
C〕Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.
D〕It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.
65.What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?
A〕A map showing the regional differences of tap water.
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